How to protect yourself from the bad air quality as wildfire smoke engulfs New York and the neighboring states.

Raging wildfires in Canada are producing smoke that is drifting into parts of the United States, posing potential risks to air quality. It is crucial to understand how to safeguard yourself from harmful levels of air pollution. Wildfire smoke contains dangerous pollutants, including toxic gases and particulate matter, which are solid particles and liquid droplets released during the burning of trees, buildings, and other materials. While some of the particulate matter is visible as soot, the smoke also carries smaller particles that can infiltrate the human body and impact health.

Experts advise that smoke pollution can affect your health whether you are indoors or outdoors. To ensure your safety, it is essential to be aware of the following information:

1. Health risks of smoke exposure: Smoke inhalation can lead to short-term respiratory issues such as coughing, wheezing, and breathing difficulties. It can also worsen asthma and cause irritation to the sinuses, throat, and eyes. Severe exposure has been linked to heart attacks, stroke, lung cancer, and cognitive impairment.
2. Increased risk groups: While anyone can be affected by wildfire smoke, older adults, pregnant women, children, individuals with pre-existing heart or lung conditions (including asthma), and infants are at higher risk.
3. Monitoring air quality: Stay informed about air quality conditions in your area by paying attention to warnings from the National Weather Service and local public health agencies. Websites like AirNow.gov provide color-coded air quality indexes, indicating hazardous levels and recommending appropriate outdoor activity levels. Several apps, such as AirNow and Air Quality Reader, also provide local air quality information.
4. Mask protection: Wearing a mask can help protect against smoke, but it is crucial to use the right type and ensure a proper fit. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recommends using a particulate respirator approved by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) with labels such as "NIOSH," "N95," or "P100." Masks should have two straps and create a seal above and below the ears. However, masks may impede breathing and are not available in children's sizes. N95 respirators primarily protect against particles, not chemicals or gases.

Improving indoor air quality is another important measure to minimize exposure to smoke pollution. Here are some tips:

1. Seal doors and windows and use the recirculate setting in cars to prevent outdoor contaminants from entering indoors.
2. Utilize heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems with high-quality air filters. Filters with a MERV rating of 13 or higher can remove a significant portion of particles from the air during smoky periods.
3. Consider using a portable air purifier with a HEPA filter and a strong fan to effectively trap particles. Purifiers with carbon filters can also reduce odors and the smell of smoke.
4. In the absence of air conditioning or air purifiers, you can create a DIY air cleaner by combining a box fan and an air filter. The EPA provides guidance on how to construct and use these homemade purifiers.

By following these precautions and taking necessary steps, you can safeguard your health and reduce the impact of wildfire smoke on air quality.